Laser-treatment-induced morphology and structure modifications of stainless steel: Element segregations and phase evolutions

The effect of laser treatments on the surface stainless steel (SS420) has been studied by employing topographic mapping, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffraction (XRD), and Raman backscattering spectroscopy, addressing morphological structural modifications. were processed in air atmosphere with varied laser-scanning speed from V L = 40 to 5 mm/s while keeping power constant at 400 W. evolutions reveal an onset melting when is reduced approaching 20 provide evidence for element redistributions phase changes layer SS420 plates. occur not only along transverse direction individual tracks but also thickness between a few nanometers thick near-surface micrometers structures are strongly associated spatial redistributed elements their oxidations. its -dependent Marangoni convections melt pool believed redistribute elevated temperatures that, turn, give rise oxides. • Laser have carried out scanning speeds. High leads cleaning, micro-striping, solid oxidation. Reduced results materials transfers. Variations oxides occurred across tracks. Warps measured discussed connection residual stress.